Nouns:
DIS year
DIS poH time of year; season
Dung area above
ghot person
He route, course
Hov star
pem Hov daytime star; sun
loDHom boy
meq reason
mIl'oD type of animal (sabre bear)
nagh rock, stone
neb beak, bill (of a bird)
nuv person
pach claw, talon
pem daytime
pem Hov daytime star; sun
poH period of time
DIS poH season
puq child
SoS mother
tI vegetation
yav ground
yor exterior top
Noun suffixes:
-Daq locative suffix: to, in, at, on
-Du' plural marker (for body parts)
-lI' your (singular) (object possessed is animate)
-lIj your (singular) (object possessed is inanimate)
-mo' because of ..., due to ...
-pu' plural marker (for people capable of speech)
-vam demonstrative marker: this
-'e' topic marker; also (optionally) used to mark the head
noun in a relative clause construction (e.g. from {yaS
qIppu' puq} "the child hit the officer", we get {yaS
qIppu'bogh puq} which is either "the officer whom the
child hit" [raising the object of the clause] or "the
child who hit the officer" [raising the subject of the
clause]; {yaS'e' qIppu'bogh puq} is unambiguously "the
officer whom the child hit" while {yaS qIppu'bogh puq'e'}
is unambiguously "the child who hit the officer. yaS =
officer; qIppu' = hit (perfective); puq = child)
Verbs:
jatlh speak, say (when used to mark a quotation, the verb
takes a prefix marking "no object"; the words spoken
are simply placed afterwards)
jon capture, seize, take
legh see
mI' dance, run in place, do calisthenics, exercise, do
martial arts movements (any physical activity which
results in no change other than, perhaps, the
well-being of the person performing the action)
rur resemble
Sup jump
taH continue, go on, endure, survive
tlhob request, ask, plead
'oH [in this text may be translated as] to be; is
({A 'oH B'e'} = B is [an] A)
Verb prefixes:
bI- subject = you (singular); object = none
Da- subject = you (singular); object = him/her/it
ma- subject = we; object = none
nu- subject = he/she/it; object = us
pI- subject = we; object = you (singular)
(none) subject = he/she/it; object = him/her/it/them
subject = they; object = them
Verb suffixes:
-be' (negative marker)
-bogh relative-clause marker
-jaj may ...; let ... (expresses a wish or desire)
-laH be able to
Adjectives: (these are considered verbs in the traditional Klingon
grammar)
bIr cold
jej sharp
qan old (not young)
Qup young
rop ill, sick
tuj hot
wIH ruthless
'IH beautiful, handsome
Adjective suffixes:
-qu' very, extremely
Conjunctions:
je and (joins nouns: {A B C je} = A and B and C)
joq and/or (joins nouns: {A B C joq} = A and/or B and/or C)
vaj so, then, thus, in that case, so that
'ej and (joins sentences)